History is theorized in that not everything happened the way the author said. The African American author has his own theory about what happened in history and what was said by some people. Frank X Walker could not have known everything that happened between the Nez Perce and York. He used his own theory and intertwined it with the real events. Their own theory is used and then they put real facts along with it to support what they are saying. This leads into the next question of how is history revised and/or rewritten in African American literature. The author can write whatever he/she wants to in their work. They have certain liberties when writing that they can use to change history. Authors can make it so that African Americans are seen in a better light than previous literature about slavery. We can see things from the side of the slave and how they felt. The kind of creative writing that they use depends on how much room they need and what historic event they are writing about. In When Winter Come, the poems are best because they are like journal entries and that is the best way to convey specific events on the trail. If you are writing about one long event then the author is better off using the novel for their creative writing. The meta-narratives in When Winter Come inform us of different perspectives from the trail and from the different races. They justify what is happening to York and what he is talking about. The Sacajawea poem is a story from her that explains the historical events surrounding York and the trail. Meta-narratives are used by African American authors to show the slave side of history while still using the whole picture.